Linux Kernel and GNU C Library version of common Linux distributions

|
Operating system/ Linux
| Linux

Linux Kernel and GNU C Library version of common Linux distributions

statically linking

statically linking the specified libraries:

-Wl,-Bstatic -lluajit-5.1 -lssl -lcrypto -lsctp -Wl,-Bdynamic

but if your static linking program use libdl and the GNU C Library version in the build system is newer than the version in the target system, you may get the following error:

# Using 'dlopen' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
dl-call-libc-early-init.c:37: _dl_call_libc_early_init: Assertion `sym != NULL' failed.

glibc versions

If we link with the lowest version of the C Library, then we can achieve maximum compatibility.

Linux distribution Release date GNU C Library GCC support library Linux Kernel
Ubuntu 10.04 2010-04 2.11.1 4.4.3 2.6.32
Debian 6 2011-02 2.11.3 4.4.5 2.6.32
RHEL 6 2010-11 2.12 4.4.7 2.6.32
Debian 7 2013-05 2.13 4.7.2 3.2
Ubuntu 12.04 2012-04 2.15 4.6.3 3.2
RHEL 7 2014-06 2.17 4.8.5 3.10
AnolisOS 7 2022-02 2.17 4.8.5 4.19
Ubuntu 14.04 2014-04 2.19 4.9.3 3.13
Debian 8 2015-04 2.19 4.9.2 3.16
SLES 12 SP5 2019-12 2.22 13.3 4.12
Ubuntu 16.04 2016-04 2.23 5.4.0 4.4
Debian 9 2017-06 2.24 6.3 4.9
Amazon Linux 2 LTS 2018-06 2.26 7.3 4.14
Ubuntu 18.04 2018-04 2.27 8.4 4.15
RHEL 8 2019-05 2.28 8.5 4.18
Debian 10 2019-07 2.28 8.3 4.19
openEuler 20.03 2020-03 2.28 7.3 4.19
OpenCloudOS 8.10 2024-10 2.28 8.5 5.4
AnolisOS 8.10 2025-04 2.28 8.5 5.10
Ubuntu 20.04 2020-04 2.31 10.5 5.4
Debian 11 2021-08 2.31 10.2 5.10
openEuler 22.03 2022-03 2.34 10.3 5.10
RHEL 9 2022-05 2.34 11.5 5.14
Amazon Linux 2023 2023-03 2.34 11.4 6.1
CBL-Mariner 2.0 2022-05 2.35 11.2 5.15
Ubuntu 22.04 2022-04 2.35 12.3 5.15
Debian 12 2023-06 2.36 12.2 6.1
OpenCloudOS 9.4 2025-05 2.38 12.3 6.6
AnolisOS 23.3 2025-06 2.38 12.3 6.6
openEuler 24.03 2024-06 2.38 12.3 6.6
SLES 15 SP7 2025-06 2.38 14.3 6.4
Ubuntu 24.04 2024-04 2.39 14.0 6.8
RHEL 10 2025-05 2.39 14.3 6.12
CentOS Stream 10 Rolling 2.39 14.3 6.12
SLES 16.0 2025-11 2.40 15.1 6.12
Debian 13 2025-08 2.41 14.2 6.12
Fedora 42 2025-04 2.41 15.0 6.14
Ubuntu 25.10 2025-10 2.42 15.2 6.17
Fedora 43 2025-10 2.42 15.2 6.17
Ubuntu 26.04 2026-04? 2.42? 16.0 6.19?
Debian 14 2027-08? 2.46? 16.2? 7.6?
openSUSE Tumbleweed Rolling 2.42? 15.2? 6.19?
Alpine 3.21 2024-12 musl 1.2.5 libgcc 14.2 6.12
Alpine 3.22 2025-05 musl 1.2.5 libgcc 14.2 6.12
Alpine 3.23 2025-12 musl 1.2.5 libgcc 15.2 6.18
Alpine edge 2026-05? musl 1.2.6? libgcc 15.2? 6.18?

libgcc & libstdc++ versions

The following GCC versions add new functions to libgcc (libgcc/libgcc-std.ver.in and libgcc/config/i386/libgcc-glibc.ver) & libstdc++ (libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver):

  • GCC 16.1.0: libstdc++.so.6.0.35 added CXXABI_1.3.17 and GLIBCXX_3.4.35
  • GCC 15.1.0: libstdc++.so.6.0.34 added CXXABI_1.3.15 (CXXABI_1.3.16 for RISC-V only) and GLIBCXX_3.4.34
  • GCC 14.1.0 (RHEL 10): libgcc_s.so.1 added GCC_14.0.0, libstdc++.so.6.0.33 added CXXABI_1.3.15 and GLIBCXX_3.4.33
  • GCC 13.2.0: libgcc_s.so.1 added GCC_13.0.0, libstdc++.so.6.0.32 added CXXABI_1.3.14 and GLIBCXX_3.4.32
  • GCC 12.1.0: libgcc_s.so.1 added GCC_12.0.0, libstdc++.so.6.0.30 added CXXABI_1.3.13 and GLIBCXX_3.4.30
  • GCC 11.1.0 (RHEL 9): libstdc++.so.6.0.29 added added CXXABI_1.3.13 and GLIBCXX_3.4.29
  • GCC 8.1.0 (RHEL 8): libstdc++.so.6.0.25 added GLIBCXX_3.4.25 only
  • GCC 7.2.0: libgcc_s.so.1 added GCC_7.0.0, libstdc++.so.6.0.24 added CXXABI_1.3.11 and GLIBCXX_3.4.24
  • GCC 4.8.3 (RHEL 7): libgcc_s.so.1 added GCC_4.8.0, libstdc++.so.6.0.19 added CXXABI_1.3.7 and GLIBCXX_3.4.19
  • … (Too old to need to list anymore)

docker images

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
# shopt -s checkwinsize
# echo "Lines: $(tput lines), Columns: $(tput cols)"
# echo "Lines: $LINES, Columns: $COLUMNS"
Lines: 30, Columns: 96

# podman images | grep '<none>' | awk '{print $3}' | xargs --no-run-if-empty podman rmi
# podman images | tail +2 | sort -V -k1,2 | while read IMG_PATH IMG_TAG REST; do date;echo podman pull $IMG_PATH:$IMG_TAG; podman pull $IMG_PATH:$IMG_TAG; echo; done
# podman images | tail +2 | sort -V -k1,2
REPOSITORY                                          TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZE
docker.io/library/almalinux                         8           acaca326f3b3  8 weeks ago   196 MB
docker.io/library/almalinux                         9           b0b3f56026dd  8 weeks ago   193 MB
docker.io/library/alpine                            3.17        042a816809aa  2 weeks ago   7.34 MB
docker.io/library/debian                            11          5c8936e57a38  2 weeks ago   129 MB
docker.io/library/debian                            testing     556061af5f11  2 weeks ago   121 MB
docker.io/library/ubuntu                            20.04       d5447fc01ae6  7 weeks ago   75.2 MB
docker.io/library/ubuntu                            22.04       6b7dfa7e8fdb  7 weeks ago   80.3 MB
docker.io/songdongsheng/anolisos                    7           856d891a4d7d  2 days ago    181 MB
docker.io/songdongsheng/anolisos                    8           b39daaa5a422  2 days ago    129 MB
docker.io/songdongsheng/openeuler                   22.03       e2c2b88bb007  6 days ago    160 MB
docker.io/songdongsheng/openeuler                   24.03       fcd7328d3b91  3 months ago  167 MB
docker.io/songdongsheng/opencloudos                 8           43f03fc1c7af  2 weeks ago   142 MB
docker.io/songdongsheng/opencloudos                 9           8d77637ceb8c  3 weeks ago   153 MB
ghcr.io/oracle/oraclelinux                          7           258c049720a7  17 hours ago  271 MB
ghcr.io/oracle/oraclelinux                          8           15d3782e65b8  17 hours ago  237 MB
ghcr.io/oracle/oraclelinux                          9           6d4f5c87c123  17 hours ago  234 MB
mcr.microsoft.com/cbl-mariner/base/core             2.0         4ec990a6bc0d  39 hours ago  68.4 MB
public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux              2           20b4c80b1755  4 days ago    172 MB
public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux              2023        eef352c7a904  3 days ago    149 MB
quay.io/fedora/fedora                               37          19c0ae4dd222  7 weeks ago   190 MB
quay.io/fedora/fedora                               38          c9bfca6d0ac2  8 days ago    196 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi7                     latest      f0c1470d8cb2  11 days ago   217 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi7-minimal             latest      0f3e1be52c0b  11 days ago   84.8 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8                     latest      6a2ef33ab97f  3 weeks ago   214 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8-micro               latest      03a08867970f  2 weeks ago   28.5 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8-minimal             latest      35585f3ca6c6  3 weeks ago   94.5 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8/openjdk-11          latest      4383be399b12  10 days ago   397 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8/openjdk-11-runtime  latest      d526bdf5e61d  10 days ago   358 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8/openjdk-17          latest      59fd01ab51ad  10 days ago   408 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8/openjdk-17-runtime  latest      42cb53376c53  10 days ago   366 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9                     latest      ed8d4815d368  11 days ago   219 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9-micro               latest      fc923451d5b9  11 days ago   26.1 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9-minimal             latest      5b3c7c785802  11 days ago   97.4 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/openjdk-11          latest      cac6dcc81e20  10 days ago   393 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/openjdk-11-runtime  latest      bde7a6c813fb  10 days ago   359 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/openjdk-17          latest      f3368e202a72  10 days ago   404 MB
registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/openjdk-17-runtime  latest      aeb5671874f4  10 days ago   366 MB
registry.opensuse.org/opensuse/leap                 15.4        ce2ffde521dc  2 weeks ago   116 MB
registry.opensuse.org/opensuse/tumbleweed           latest      c2a77db6cf5d  33 hours ago  106 MB
registry.suse.com/bci/bci-base                      15.4        a357b1e79e7e  43 hours ago  122 MB
registry.suse.com/bci/bci-busybox                   15.4        6a88b3a3c425  2 weeks ago   14.5 MB
registry.suse.com/bci/bci-micro                     15.4        07d9e5464374  2 weeks ago   25.8 MB
registry.suse.com/bci/bci-minimal                   15.4        ac521a188b44  28 hours ago  48.1 MB
registry.suse.com/bci/openjdk                       latest      0f14e1b28472  43 hours ago  334 MB
registry.suse.com/bci/openjdk-devel                 latest      68a33af805cf  22 hours ago  402 MB
registry.suse.com/suse/sle15                        15.4        a357b1e79e7e  43 hours ago  122 MB
registry.suse.com/suse/sles12sp5                    latest      9e344f88a8fc  25 hours ago  99.5 MB